March/April 2002
Note: This publication has been individually
transmitted to state tobacco program managers, ASTHO affiliates, and other
tobacco prevention professionals. You
are encouraged to forward all or part of this publication to STATE HEALTH
OFFICIALS, COALITION MEMBERS, and OTHER PARTNERS. The Tobacco Free Press is
produced by ASTHO under Cooperative Agreement N.U50/CCU306138-07 with the CDC
Office on Smoking and Health. _____________________________________________________________________________________________
CONTENTS:
·
SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT
– Tips for working with labor unions
b
Florida
The Florida Supreme Court, in a unanimous decision issued March 28, 2002, approved the Smoke-Free for Health (SFFH) initiative for the November 2002 ballot. All that remains now is the Florida Department of State's certification of remaining petitions. SFFH collected 650,000 petition signatures, far more than the 488,722 required to get the initiative on the ballot.
The SFFH proposal would forbid smoking in all enclosed
workplaces. The proposal broadens the
protections from secondhand smoke that are set out in the 1985 Florida Clean
Indoor Air Act. That law prohibits
indoor smoking in public common areas, educational and health care facilities
and aboard public transportation.
However, it allows restaurants to permit smoking in 35 percent of their
seating. The SFFH initiative closes
that loophole.
The tobacco industry and its allies formed a
political action committee, “Committee for Responsible Solutions,” and launched
a campaign to introduce a counter-ballot initiative. The industry’s proposed ballot would add the current state clean
indoor law, with loopholes, to the Florida’s Constitution. The Committee is funded solely by Philip
Morris, who according to recent newspaper reports, has now withdrawn their
funding.
For more information, go to http://www.smokefreeforhealth.org.
Hawaii
By a vote of 7 to 2, the Honolulu City Council
passed an ordinance that extends current smokefree workplace protections to
include restaurants. Smoking will be permitted in restaurant bars that
are separately ventilated and enclosed until July 1, 2003; thereafter,
restaurant bars must be smokefree. Stand-alone bars and nightclubs are
exempt from this ordinance, which goes into effect July 1, 2002.
Kansas
The Salina Area Tobacco Prevention Coalition is working on a city ordinance to ban smoking in restaurants. According to a telephone poll, conducted by the Department of Preventive Medicine of the University of Kansas School of Medicine, 68 percent of Salina County residents favor of a smoke-free restaurant ordinance. If such an ordinance were enacted, 79 percent would not change the frequency with which they dine out while 13 percent would increase dining out. The ordinance was approved on first reading by a 3 to 2 vote and will be up for final vote on May 6, 2002.
For more information, contact Julia Francisco, Tobacco Use Prevention Program Director, at 316-337-6050.
Missouri
Three additional restaurants in Maryville became smoke-free during February and March 2002. Sixty-four percent of Maryville restaurants now have a 100 percent smoke-free policy. Southwest Missouri is working with pediatricians to address secondhand smoke in the homes of their patients by talking to the parent/caregiver about the dangers of tobacco use. In addition, an ETS survey was conducted in Polk County to find out whether area businesses, including restaurants, are smoke-free. This survey is just the beginning of the community working towards a stronger clean indoor air policy.
The soccer dome in Brentwood, a suburb of St. Louis, established a smoke-free policy that became effective February 1, 2002. Another suburb of St. Louis, Webster Groves, passed a smoke-free restaurant ordinance by a 4 to 3 vote.
For more information, contact Lori Buchanan, Missouri
Department of Health and Senior Services Bureau of Health Promotion at buchal@dhss.state.mo.us.
New Hampshire
The
New Hampshire Tobacco Prevention and Control Program launched a media campaign
on April 15, 2002 in support of continuing efforts to reduce the prevalence of
smoking. The first wave of ads focus on
raising awareness about the dangers of tobacco use and secondhand smoke. The second wave of ads will urge smokers to
protect children from secondhand smoke in a “Take it Outside” campaign. The third wave of ads will focus on the New
Hampshire quitline, which will start operation in the near future.
Oklahoma
In early March 2002, the Oklahoma State Board of Health voted to ban smoking in most public places and workplaces, including restaurants. Under the proposed regulation, smoking is not allowed within 15 feet of buildings. However, Governor Keating rejected the Board’s rulings because he felt they conflicted with state law. He called upon the legislature to rewrite the statute to address the Board’s proposals in a “sweeping ban on smoking in public, enclosed places, such as restaurants.”
Governor Keating signed a bill, which prohibits smoking within 25 feet of the state Capitol and other state-owned buildings. It allows for one smoking room in each building and permits locals to pass ordinances, which are stricter than the state law.
South Dakota
Governor Janklow signed
legislation, which prohibits smoking in all public places and worksites unless
such worksites have a liquor license, a video lottery license, or a casino
license. Private sleeping rooms at hotels
and homes are also exempted from the bill.
While the legislation does not include all worksites because of the
exemptions for bars and casinos, the legislation does affect a majority of the
workers in South Dakota and sets a statewide standard for limiting exposure to
secondhand smoke. State law preempts
local law in South Dakota. The law becomes effective July 1, 2002.
For more information,
contact Jennifer Stalley, American Cancer Society, at Jennifer.Stalley@cancer.org.
Arkansas
Through
title sponsorship of the Central Arkansas Soapbox Derby races, the Arkansas
Department of Health Tobacco Prevention and Education Program’s (TPEP) new
Stamp Out Smoking (SOS) campaign is introducing itself to Arkansans as part of
a five-month branding effort. The sponsorship includes:
- dozens of public
service announcements on radio and television;
· morning show promotion interviews addressing the Derby, the SOS campaign and a pledge that 50 percent of the racers will be at-risk youths who otherwise would not be able to participate;
- media exposure and
access to both racers (ages 9-16) and mentors/parents during three car
clinics;
- participation in the
publicly-popular celebrity races for state and local leaders the night
before the Derby;
- an all-day race event
in front of the state Capitol with SOS logos on every car, T-shirt and at
the finish line;
- a venue for presenting
anti-tobacco material to the public;
- post-race media
interviews with the two winners;
- and, national exposure
when both racers participate in an all-expense-paid trip to the
All-American Soapbox Derby.
The
international finals are in Akron, Ohio later this year.
For
more information, contact Robert J. Alvey, Advertising and Media Program Manager,
Arkansas Department of Health, at 501-661-2743 or ralvey@healthyarkansas.com.
Hawaii
In Hawaii’s 4th annual “Hackacademy
Awards” held in April 2002, students from participating schools presented “Thumbs Up!" or “Thumbs
Down!" awards to academy award-nominated movies that portrayed
smoking. Students observed the extent
and type of tobacco use; who used tobacco; specific brands shown; perceived
messages of tobacco use; special situations of tobacco use; and anti-tobacco
messages displayed. The program is a
collaboration among the Department of Health’s Tobacco Prevention and Education
Program, Consolidated Theatres, the Coalition for A Tobacco Free Hawai’i and
the Department of Education
For more information, contact the Hawaii Tobacco
Prevention and Education Program at 808-586-4613.
Idaho
The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare has
combined efforts with Idaho Drug Free Youth to sponsor the 9th
Annual Idaho Youth Summit. This is a
chance for youth from across the state to come together and establish healthy
beliefs and clear standards around substance abuse, as well as develop
resistance skills, leadership skills, and community action planning. There will be two summits held this
year. The first will be held June 10-13
in Grand Targhee, and the second will be June 17-20 at Coeur d’Alene Lake. All youth ages 12-17 are eligible to attend
the summits.
For more information, contact Ivie Smart, Idaho
Tobacco Prevention and Control Program, at 208-334-5627 or smarti@idhw.state.id.us.
Indiana
Beginning June 1, 2002, tobacco use prevention and control among college-aged youth will be Smokefree Indiana’s new focus. Smokefree Indiana plans to provide grant funding to Indiana colleges and universities to support community-based activities, communication and training related tobacco issues on Indiana college/university campuses. Applications for grants were due February 22, 2002 and addressed the following areas:
1. Build support for tobacco free buildings and
grounds;
2. Offer prevention and education initiatives that
support non-use and address the risks of tobacco use, including the dangers of
exposure to secondhand smoke;
3. Provide training on media literacy and how the
tobacco industry targets the college-aged population;
4. Advertise in campus media;
5. Participate in advocacy opportunities on campus
and in the community;
6. Evaluation of the proposed project.
Grant
awards will be announced in Spring 2002.
For
more information, contact Robyn Eley, Smokefree Indiana, at 317-241-6383.
Iowa
Nearly 500 students from across Iowa rallied at the state Capitol in Des Moines on April 3, 2002 for Youth Advocacy Day hosted by the American Lung Association as a part of the seventh annual Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids Kick Butts Day. Students met with their legislators to encourage sustained funding for Iowa’s Tobacco Use Prevention and Control Program. With the students in attendance during the debate, the Iowa House passed a bill that cuts the tobacco control program by 47 percent.
The Republican controlled legislature felt that
during these tight budget times, they needed to provide funding for direct
services through Medicaid rather than frivolous media campaigns. The bill is now on its way to Governor Tom
Vilsack, who has vowed to bring the Legislature back for a special
session. Efforts are currently underway
to encourage the governor to veto the bill as it stands and restore the
funding. If the cuts go through, Iowa’s
tobacco control budget will be reduced from $9.3 million to $5 million.
For more information, contact Keven Arrowsmith,
Information Specialist, Iowa Department of Public Health, at 515-281-4768 or karrowsm@idph.state.ia.us.
Kansas
TASK launched a new statewide media campaign
encouraging Kansas teens to take a stand against tobacco companies and choose
to be smoke-free. The campaign includes
television, radio and print ads and a new Web site. The ads
showcase real TASK members voicing their opinions on the tobacco industry’s
marketing tactics and the dangers of smoking.
The statewide media campaign was used as a means of recruitment, as well
as encouraging teens to reject tobacco companies’ efforts to target new
customers for cigarettes and spit tobacco.
To view the ads and the new Web site visit http://www.kstask.org.
In addition, more than 650 Kansas high school students took their tobacco issues to the streets in the annual Smoke-free Teens Are Rising Rallies (STAR). Teens gathered in Hays, Wichita and Topeka voicing their decision to be tobacco-free. The anti-tobacco workshops and presentations included speeches from Piggy Thomas, a former MTV Road Rules participant, and media specialist Bernadette Morris, president and CEO of Sunshine Communications. Participants learned about the tobacco industry’s marketing tactics, the dangers of tobacco products and the tools to effectively communicate those dangers to their peers.
For more information, contact Julia Francisco, Tobacco Use Prevention Program Director, at 316-337-6050.
Minnesota
Target Market’s new campaign “5056” aims to educate
Minnesotans on the tobacco industry’s “addiction quota” for Minnesota
teenagers. Data from the updated
Smoking Attributable Mortality, Morbidity and Economic Costs (SAMMEC) software
program from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that 5,618
people die in Minnesota each year as a result of smoking. Ninety percent of
them (5,056) started smoking as teenagers. Target Market teens made 5,056 black
snow angels throughout the state to symbolize young lives at risk. “5056” ads have been advertised on highway
overpasses in the Twin Cities and passed out by Target Market supporters on the
streets and in teen hangouts across the state. Target Market is part of the
Minnesota Youth Tobacco Prevention Initiative.
For
more information, go to http://www.tmvoice.com.
Missouri
Teens Against Tobacco Use (T.A.T.U.) trainings have been held in Glasgow, Mexico, and Scott City. In addition, an Operation Storefront survey was conducted in four counties around the Kansas City area. Operation Storefront is designed to raise awareness about tobacco advertising and promotion found in stores. From the data collected, a report will be given to local policy makers and youth from the area will work with these policy makers on seeking a policy change.
Also in the Kansas City area, 12 school districts participated in an Operation Smokescreen Youth Summit where youth learned about various tobacco issues such as clean indoor air, tobacco advertising, tax implications of tobacco products, and the common health risks. The youth also participated in a media training and a mock city council setting to learn about the legislative process.
A youth rally was held in Sikeston where youth had
the opportunity to learn about the risks of tobacco use. Over 30 youth participated in the event.
For more information, contact Lori Buchanan, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services Bureau of Health Promotion at buchal@dhss.state.mo.us.
Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania Department of Health launched a statewide youth movement called “BUSTED!,” created from the fourth annual Youth Summit held in Harrisburg last year. The grassroots advocacy campaign educates youth on tobacco industry marketing techniques and prepares youth to educate their communities to create cultural change. Regional trainings focused on advocacy skills, media training, and resource development will be held throughout the state starting in May 2002.
The Department of Health also launched a media campaign on April 1, 2002 to curb tobacco sales to minors and reduce overall tobacco use in Pennsylvania. During his April radio address, Governor Schweiker said the campaign sends strong messages to discourage tobacco use among Pennsylvania's youth and to significantly reduce tobacco sales to minors by retailers.
Rhode Island
The Rhode Island Department of Health released the Youth Tobacco Survey and Youth Behavioral Risk Survey. Results show a 10 percent decline in cigarette smoking among high-school students from 35 percent in 1997, to 25 percent in 2001. Other findings indicated that 93 percent of Rhode Island teens believe that secondhand smoke is harmful and 58 percent of teens who smoke want to quit.
For more information, contact Betty Harvey, Program
Director, Rhode Island Tobacco Control Program, at 401-222-3293.
Wyoming
The Wyoming Substance Abuse Division created a tool to help schools and communities promote effective school policy to prevent tobacco use and addiction, called “Wyoming Tobacco-free Schools of Excellence.” Schools that fill-out a written application will adhere to guidelines adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for school health programs to prevent tobacco use and addiction. Local coalitions are urged to help schools develop effective strategies and policies.
For
more information, contact Janet Jares, Wyoming Tobacco Control Program Manager,
at jjares@state.wy.us.
Idaho
The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare is
working with the Mayo Clinic to sponsor a summit that connects Native American
Youth with college faculty. Native
American youth who are interested in careers in health and science have an
opportunity to work one-on-one with college officials from around the state in
the first annual Native American College Youth Summit. The organizer, Galen Louis, feels this is a
critical link in advancing Native American Youth’s education in the health
fields. The summit is scheduled for
June 25-26, 2002.
For more information, contact Galen Louis at
208-334-0643 or louisg@idhw.state.id.us.
Indiana
Indiana Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation
(ITPC) launched a media campaign on tobacco industry manipulation with a focus
on minority populations. For example,
one television ad features a news commentator giving a stock report for a
tobacco company, highlighting the company’s profitability, while simultaneously
showing the demise of a patient struggling with a smoking-related illness.
Another commercial provides an analogy of tobacco companies aggressively
marketing toward specific populations.
In addition, ITPC partnered with Indiana
Black Expo in an effort to stop tobacco marketing to the African-American
community. This partnership is a part
of ITPC’s overall campaign to involve community partners around the state. Tobacco companies have a history of
targeting tobacco advertisements to African-American and other minority
communities and also providing funds to minority-based organizations. Indiana Black Expo is a community service
organization that reflects the needs of the African-American community.
For more information, go to http://www.whitelies.tv or http://www.in.gov/itpc/.
Michigan
The No Doubt, Smoke-Out: Smoke-Free Homes Campaign is a Detroit campaign sponsored by the
Detroit Clean Air Network (D-CAN) to address the seriousness of disparity in
asthma rates for African American children and the need to protect children
from exposure to secondhand smoke. This
campaign is a collaboration with communities of color, the state health
department, volunteer organizations, the local tobacco reduction coalition,
health care systems, insurance providers, and the faith-based community. The goal of the campaign is to educate
families about asthma and the dangers of secondhand smoke and to obtain a
commitment from these families to make and keep their homes smoke-free. Youth will conduct outreach by making
presentations to churches, schools, and community based agencies.
The campaign will also consist of a pre and
post-evaluation to measure knowledge, attitude, and behaviors. Furthermore, a secondhand smoke radio spot
has been developed to provide additional support for the campaign. The No Doubt, Smoke-Out: Smoke-Free Homes Campaign
kicked off with a press conference at Children’s Hospital of Detroit on March
8, 2002 and will run until May 31, 2002.
Kentucky
The Kentucky Department for Public Health (KDPH)
partnered with the Kentucky State District Council of Carpenters (KSDCC) to
help some of its 12,000 members quit smoking.
The Union's Health and Welfare Trust Fund will reimburse KSDCC members
for nicotine replacement patches and gum if they also participate in an
approved smoking cessation program.
Union members must contact their local health department to verify their
participation in the approved program.
KDPH, through the local health departments, offers the Cooper/Clayton: How
Heavy Smokers Become Nonsmokers.
Kentuckians Thomas M. Cooper, D.D.S. and Richard R. Clayton, PhD
developed a 13-week program that couples NRT with behavioral change
techniques. The program may charge a
nominal fee to cover the cost of class materials, but in some cases is
free-of-charge.
A partnership has also been developed between the
KDPH and the CHA Health health-maintenance organization, which is based in
Lexington and provides coverage to over 130,000 Kentuckians. CHA is offering members Nicotine Replacement
Therapy (NRT) on a one-time basis if they are enrolled in an approved smoking
cessation program. The coverage will be
limited to 12 weeks and a co-pay of $25 for each 30-day supply of the NRT. The local health department provides a
voucher the member takes to the pharmacist. Kentucky Cancer Program (KCP) is
providing tracking to gauge the success rates for Cooper/Clayton program.
In both partnerships, the KCP provides facilitators at no-charge at various locations around the state. Because of their assistance, KDPH has been able to assure availability of this very effective cessation program throughout the network of local health departments.
For
more information, contact Linda Dunne, Kentucky Tobacco Control Program
Manager, at Linda.dunne@mail.state.ky.us.
Rhode Island
The Rhode Island Department of Health launched a
toll-free quitline at the end of March 2002, which will be promoted through a
television, radio and print media campaign.
The Department contracted with the American Cancer Society for the
quitline and services are available in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The Department of Health is also offering
statewide cessation services via the www.trytostop.org
website, a materials clearinghouse and referrals for in-person treatment
services at 13 community health or mental health centers across the state.
For
more information, contact Betty Harvey, Program Director, RI Tobacco Control
Program, at 401-222-3293.
West Virginia
The West Virginia Tobacco Prevention Program, in
cooperation with the Public Employees Insurance Agency, began a new initiative
in March 2002 to assist uninsured and under-insured West Virginians in their
efforts to quit using tobacco products.
All West Virginians who want to stop using tobacco products are now
eligible to call a toll-free number to access these services at no
cost. Eligible callers are assigned a
phone coach who will call them at a later time to help them establish a quit
date and provide counseling through the initial weeks of quitting. The trained counselor will call the tobacco
user at least five times over several weeks to help the user quit. In addition, customers who are over the age
of 18 are also able to obtain the Nicotine Transdermal System or as it is
commonly called “the Patch” at no cost.
For more information, contact West Virginia Tobacco
Prevention Program at 304-558-1562.
New
Center for Tobacco Cessation Policy
The Center for Tobacco Cessation Policy (CTC), headed by Linda Bailey, will serve as a cessation clearinghouse, serving as a source for smokers, health care providers, insurers, and policymakers. Part of its mission is to work with national partners to expand the use of effective tobacco dependence treatment and activities. CTC is funded by a two-year grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to the American Cancer Society.
Excise tax
The Arizona Divisions of the American Cancer
Society, American Lung Association and American Heart Association launched a
ballot initiative campaign to increase the cigarette excise tax by $0.60.
Generated revenue would be dedicated to chronic disease research. The initiative would appear on the November
2002 ballot.
On February 28,
2002 Connecticut Governor Rowland signed legislation that increased the
state cigarette excise tax by $0.61 to total $1.11. Revenue generated by the tax will be deposited in the state’s
general fund. An attempt by public
health advocates to increase the tax by $0.65 with $0.04 dedicated tobacco
prevention programs was defeated in the Connecticut state legislature. The tax went into effect April 3, 2002.
The Maryland General
Assembly passed the Bridge to Excellence in Public Schools Act, which
raises the cigarette excise tax by $0.34, to total $1.00. Revenue generated from the tax will fund
public school education. The bill is pending
signature from Governor Parris Glendening.
In an effort to
fill the budget gap and reduce youth smoking, Nebraska Governor Mike
Johanns proposed a $0.50 cigarette
tax increase, to total $0.84. In a March 18th press conference, the
governor released data on tobacco’s toll on Nebraska. The Nebraska Unicameral Legislature overrode Governor Johanns’
veto of a bill that increased the cigarette excise tax by $0.30, to total
$0.64, for two years only. The tax
returns to $0.34 on October 1, 2004.
Governor Johanns vetoed the bill because it included other tax increases
such as income tax and sales tax.
In his 2003 Budget
Address, New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey proposed a $0.50 increase in
the cigarette excise tax, to total $1.30.
He stated that it is “sound fiscal policy and good public health policy.” A state poll found
that 81 percent of New Jersey voters support a $0.50 increase in the cigarette
excise tax as a
means to reduce tobacco use, especially among kids. The poll was conducted by Validata Research for the Campaign for
Tobacco Free Kids.
A poll commissioned by three South Carolina teaching hospitals, found that 75 percent of South Carolina voters support a $0.22 increase in the cigarette excise tax to fund Medicaid. There is currently a bill in the South Carolina Senate, which proposes to increase the cigarette tax by $0.30, to total $0.37, with generated revenue dedicated to Medicaid.
Utah Governor Mike Leavitt signed legislation at
the end of March 2002, which raised the cigarette excise tax by $0.18, to total
$0.695. Revenue will be allocated to the statewide tobacco prevention
program, cancer research, and medical training.
Local grants awarded
The Pennsylvania
Department of Health awarded 55 local tobacco control grants, covering 67 counties. The grants range from $100,000 to $3.5
million in this first round of funding.
Legislation designated 12 percent of settlement funds to be dedicated to
the tobacco prevention activities, with 70 percent of those funds to be
designated for grants to primary contractors to develop comprehensive
tobacco-control programs in all 67 counties.
Settlement
The Citizens for a Healthy Michigan, a coalition of health organizations, have proposed a constitutional amendment to dedicate 90 percent of the state’s tobacco settlement fund to health programs, particularly tobacco prevention. The other ten percent would be dedicated to the state general fund. Advocates are collecting petition signatures of registered voters to get the Healthy Michigan Amendment on the November 2002 ballot.
For more information, go to http://www.mha.org/tobacco/index.htm.
Both Virginia
and Washington state governors signed legislation to securitize future
tobacco settlement payments.
A report by the Council
of State Governments (CSG) found that state governments received $1.6
billion less in settlement payments than according to projections made in
1998. According to the report, states
will receive $14 billion less than anticipated during the next nine years. However,
the Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids countered the report saying that CSG
exaggerated the reductions in payments.
For more information on the CSG report, contact Bert
Harberson, Policy Director, 859-244-8246 or press@csg.org. Click here
for the Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids press statement on the report.
Reduced Risk Products
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) deemed nicotine lollipops and lip balm as illegal. The products, claiming to be cessation devices, were being sold over the counter in pharmacies and via the Internet. The Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids has highlighted this issue in light of the plethora of so-called “reduced-risk” tobacco products and the need for FDA to regulate tobacco.
For fact sheets on
reduced-risk tobacco products, go to http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/reports/newproducts/.
For fact sheets on
FDA regulation of tobacco products, go to http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/index12.shtml.
SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT
Tips for
Tobacco Control Organizations on Working with Labor Unions
By Greg DeLaurier, OLTCN
As discussed in the Jan/Feb 2002 issue of the Tobacco Free Press, the Organized Labor and Tobacco Control Network (OLTCN) works to reduce high levels of tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke among working people and their families by facilitating effective coalitions and joint projects between tobacco control organizations and labor unions. As many unions are made up of blue-collar and service workers, and unions in general are credible sources of information for their members, they are an ideal channel for reaching these populations likely to have high rates of smoking and can be important partners of tobacco control organizations. When working with labor unions, as with any new collaborative partner, it is important for tobacco control organizations to learn about them. Offered below are some key information OLTCN staffers and researchers have gathered over the years while working with unions.
Unions have competing priorities that demand their
attention
From bargaining on the “bread and butter” issues of
wages, hours, and working conditions to retaining hard won benefits and
expanding membership, unions are expected to fulfill many obligations. Thus, they may be hesitant to take on new
issues, so it is important to frame tobacco issues in ways that link with union
priorities. Unions may be willing, for
example, to deal with secondhand smoke on the job if their tobacco control
partners show concern for ridding the workplace of other toxic substances as
well.
Unions are mandated by the 1935 National Labor
Relations Act to represent all members
As unions must represent both smokers and non-smokers, s